Overview
Main description
Smart antennas boost the power of a wireless network, saving energy and money and greatly increasing the range of wireless broadband. Smart Antennas is a rigorous textbook on smart antenna design and deployment.
Table of contents
1. Introduction 1.1. What is a Smart Antenna? 1.2. Why Are Smart Antennas Emerging Now? 1.3. What are the Benefits of Smart Antennas? 1.4. Smart Antennas Involve Many Disciplines 1.5. Overview of the Book References 2. Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Fields 2.1. Maxwell’s Equations 2.2. The Helmholtz Wave Equation 2.3. Propagation in Rectangular Coordinates 2.4. Propagation in Spherical Coordinates 2.5. Electric Field Boundary Conditions 2.6. Magnetic Field Boundary Conditions 2.7. Planewave Reflection and Transmission Coefficients 2.7.1. Normal Incidence 2.7.2. Oblique Incidence 2.8. Propagation Over Flat Earth 2.9. Knife-Edge Diffraction References Problems 3. Antenna Fundamentals 3.1. Antenna Field Regions 3.2. Power Density 3.3. Radiation Intensity 3.4. Basic Antenna Nomenclature 3.4.1. Antenna Pattern 3.4.2. Antenna Boresight 3.4.3. Principal Plane Patterns 3.4.4. Beamwidth 3.4.5. Directivity 3.4.6. Beam Solid Angle 3.4.7. Gain 3.4.8. Effective Aperture 3.5. Friis Transmission Formula 3.6. Magnetic Vector Potential and the Far Field 3.7. Linear Antennas 3.7.1. Infinitesimal Dipole 3.7.2. Finite Length Dipole 3.8. Loop Antennas 3.8.1. Loop of Constant Phasor Current References Problems 4. Array Fundamentals 4.1. Linear Arrays 4.1.2. Two Element Array 4.1.3. Uniform N-Element Linear Array 4.1.2.1 Broadside Linear Array 4.1.2.2 End-Fire Linear Array 4.1.2.3 Beamsteered Linear Array 4.1.4. Uniform N-Element Linear Array Directivity 4.1.4.1. Broadside Array Maximum Directivity 4.1.4.2. End-Fire Array Maximum Directivity 4.1.4.3. Beamsteered Array Maximum Directivity 4.2. Array Weighting 4.2.2. Beamsteered and Weighted Arrays 4.3. Circular Arrays 4.3.2. Beamsteered Circular Arrays 4.4. Rectangular Planar Arrays 4.5. Fixed Beam Arrays 4.5.2. Butler Matrices 4.6. Fixed Sidelobe Canceling 4.7. Retrodirective Arrays References Problems 5. Principles of Random Variables and Processes 5.1. Definition of Random variables 5.2. Probability Density Functions 5.3. Expectation and Moments 5.4. Common probability density functions 5.5. Stationarity and ergodicity 5.6. Autocorrelation and power spectral density 5.7. Correlation matrix References Problems 6. Propagation Channel Characteristics 6.1. Flat Earth Model 6.2. Multipath Propagation Mechanisms 6.3. Propagation Channel Basics 6.3.1. Fading 6.3.2. Fast Fading Modeling 6.3.3. Channel Impulse Response 6.3.4. Power Delay Profile 6.3.5. Prediction of Power Delay Profiles 6.3.6. Power Angular Profile 6.3.7. Prediction of Angular Spread 6.3.8. Power Delay-Angular Profile 6.3.9. Channel Dispersion 6.3.10. Slow Fading Modeling 6.4. Improving Signal Quality 6.4.2. Equalization 6.4.3. Diversity 6.4.3.1. RAKE Receiver 6.4.4. Channel Coding 6.4.5. MIMO References Problems 7. Angle-of-Arrival Estimation 7.1. Fundamentals of Matrix Algebra 7.1.2. Vector Basics 7.1.3. Matrix Basics 7.2. Array Correlation Matrix 7.3 AOA Estimation Methods 7.3.1. Bartlett AOA Estimate 7.3.2. Capon AOA Estimate 7.3.3. Linear Prediction AOA Estimate 7.3.4. Maximum Entropy AOA Estimate 7.3.5. Pisarenko Harmonic Decomposition AOA Estimate 7.3.6. Min-Norm AOA Estimate 7.3.7. MUSIC AOA Estimate 7.3.8 Root-MUSIC AOA Estimate 7.3.9 ESPRIT AOA Estimate References Problems 8. Smart Antennas 8.1. Introduction 8.2. The Historical Development of “Smart Antennas” 8.3. Fixed Weight Beamforming Basics 8.3.1. Maximum Signal-to-Interference Ratio 8.3.2. Minimum Mean-Square Error 8.3.3. Maximum Likelihood 8.3.4. Minimum Variance 8.4. Adaptive Beamforming 8.4.1. Least Mean Squares 8.4.2. Sample Matrix Inversion 8.4.3. Recursive Least Squares 8.4.4. Constant Modulus 8.4.5. Least Squares Constant Modulus 8.4.6. Conjugate Gradient Method 8.4.7. Spreading Sequence Array Weights 8.4.7.1. Description of the New SDMA Receiver 8.4.7.2. Example using bi-phase chipping References Problems
Author comments
Frank Gross, Ph.D. (Tallahassee, FL) is Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering at Florida State University. He previously served as Lead Engineer for the Mitre Corp. and a Senior Research Engineer at the Georgia Tech Research Institute. He holds a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Ohio State University, has authored over 50 professional papers in electro-magnetics, and contributed to Wiley’s Encyclopedia of Electrical Engineering.
Back cover copy
A Complete Overview of the Basic Electromagnetics, Propagation, and Signal Processing Behind Smart Antenna Design
This advanced level text and reference thoroughly details the operating principles of smart antennas and utilizes a multidisciplinary approach to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of this growing subject. An equal emphasis is placed on electromagnetic principles, array signal processing, random processes, channel characterization, spectral estimation, and adaptive algorithms. The author expertly relates these principles to the real world market demands of the wireless communication field -- including both military and commercial applications -- and includes valuable case studies and examples solved using MATLAB.
Rigorous smart antenna-focused coverage includes:
- Electromagnetic basics
- Antenna fundamentals
- Random processes
- Channel characterization
- Array signal processing
- Sidelobe cancellation
- Angle-of-arrival estimation
- Adaptive methodologies
Smart antennas are firmly established as one of the key technologies helping to transform the wireless market. You will find this book essential to understanding their fundamental behavior and real world application.
DETAILED COVERAGE OF SMART ANTENNA ANALYSIS AND DESIGN:
* Electromagnetic Basics: Maxwell's Equations * Boundary Conditions * Propagation * Antenna Radiation * Power Density and Power Patterns * Antenna Directivity * Radiation Resistance * Array Antenna Fundamentals: Linear Arrays * Array Weighting * Beamsteered Arrays * Circular Arrays * Beamsteered Circular Arrays * Fixed Beam and Sectorized Arrays * The Butter Matrix * Sidelobe Cancellors * Retrodirective Arrays * Smart Antennas: Adaptive Algorithm Basics * Gradient Based Methods * Howells Applebaum Processor * Direct Inversion * Sample Matrix Inversion Recursive Methods * Adaptive Arrays for CDMA * Waveform Diversity Methods * MIMO Examples * Angle-of-Arrival Estimation: Spectral Estimation Methods * Channel Characterization: Slow Fading; Fast Fading; Spreading * Channel Equalization * Fundamentals of Random Processes
